Sample cookies first attempt

Esok nak bagi kawan-kawan sekelas rasa. InsyaAllah dapat sambutan. Meuwww

Links for nice poem game or activity

https://www.google.com/search?q=poem+activity&client=ms-android-samsung&espv=1&prmd=in&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAWoVChMI5Z21t5TbxwIVw1CmCh1FwwLY&biw=320&bih=452#imgrc=yl1yuhN0wVNrwM%3A

Revision for sociolinguistic CES2113 UNISEL

What are the 5 domains of language use?

1.Family
2.Friends
3.Employement
4.Education
5.Religion

Verbal hygiene describes how people respond to the 'urge to disregard matters of language' 》》FALSE

Accent is a variety of language that reflects social variation in language use, according to certain factors related to the social group of the speaker such as education, occupation, income level (upper-class English, mid-class English and lower-class English) 》》FALSE

Is code switching and lexical borrowing similar in its natures? Why?

No, code switching involves a choice between 2 languages of varieties but lexical borrowing os because the lack of vocabulary.

Provide reasons for language change to occur.

The 4 reasons involves social status, gender, interaction and media. Social status are shown in member of the group with most social status, for example, tend to introduce changes into a speech community from neighbouring communities which have greater status and prestige in their eyes. Gender makes the reason as the women are leading changes towards the standard, while men are introducing new vernacular variants but women leading change towards the standard dialect applies only where women play some role in public social life. Interaction makes the reason as a lecturer cannot to talk to you as a student like she talks to another lecturer. She has to adjust according to your level. Media also makes the reason as popular compromise is the view that the media can soften listeners up by exposing them to new forms in the speech of admired pop stars or tv personalities. Some believe that frequent exposure to a pronunciation on television can bring about change. Others argue that face-to-face interaction is necessary before change occurs.

Let's play vocab!

http://www.vocabulary.com/#

Alihbahasa lagu Kun Anta

Translate utk lagu~ Kun Anta - Humood Alkhuder (ﻛﻦ ﺍﻧﺖ.. ﺣﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺮﻯ) ﻷﺟﺎﺭﻳﻬﻢ، ﻗﻠﺪﺕ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ Ketika ingin bersaing dengan yang lain, aku ingin meniru perwatakan luar dan dalamnya. ﻓﺒﺪﻭﺕُ ﺷﺨﺼﺎً ﺁﺧﺮ، ﻛﻲ ﺃﺗﻔﺎﺧﺮ Jadi aku boleh jadi seorang yang lain hanya untuk berbangga ﻭ ﻇﻨﻨﺖُ ﺃﻧﺎ، ﺃﻧّﻲ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺣُﺰْﺕ ﻏﻨﻰ dan aku sangka jika aku lakukan seperti itu aku akan dapat kelebihan ﻓﻮﺟﺪﺕُ ﺃﻧّﻲ ﺧﺎﺳﺮ، ﻓﺘﻠﻚ ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ Tetapi yang kuperolehi hanyalah kerugian di atas perwatakanku ini. ﻻ ﻻ ﻻ ﻧﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻝ، ﻛﻲ ﻧﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺟﻤﺎﻻ، ﺟﻮﻫﺮﻧﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ، ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﺗﻼﻻ Kita tidak memerlukan harta untuk menambahkan kecantikan, kecantikan dalaman (jauhari) ada di sini di dalam hati ia bersinar. ﻻ ﻻ ﻧﺮﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻻ، ﻧﺮﺿﺎﻩ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺣﺎﻻ، ﺫﺍﻙ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﻨﺎ، ﻳﺴﻤﻮ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ Kita tidak perlu memandang pandangan orang lain untuk apa yang tidak ada, yang tidak sesuai dengan kita, itulah kecantikan kita, semakin bertambah hingga ke atas. ﻛﻦ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺗﺰﺩﺩ ﺟﻤﺎﻻً Jadilah diri kamu sendiri pasti akan menambahkan lagi kecantikan yang sedia ada ﺃﺗﻘﺒّﻠﻬﻢ، ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﺴﺖ ﺃﻗﻠّﺪﻫﻢ Sungguh aku menerima mereka tetapi tidak pula aku meniru perwatakan mereka ﺇﻻ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﺿﻴﻨﻲ، ﻛﻲ ﺃﺭﺿﻴﻨﻲ melainkan apa yang aku terima itu aku telah redha. ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ ﺃﻧﺎ، ﻣﺜﻠﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻧﺎ aku ingin menjadi seperti diri aku sendiri inilah aku ﻓﻘﻨﺎﻋﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻔﻴﻨﻲ، ﺫﺍﻙ ﻳﻘﻴﻨﻲ hal ini kurasakan sudah cukup dan aku sangat pasti ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ ﺃﻧﺎ، ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺿﻰ ﺃﻧﺎ، ﻟﻦ ﺃﺳﻌﻰ ﻟﺮﺿﺎﻫﻢ ﻻ Aku akan jadi mengikut kemampuan diriku aku tidak perlukan orang lain menerimaku ﻭﺃﻛﻮﻥ ﺃﻧﺎ، ﻣﺎ ﺃﻫﻮﻯ ﺃﻧﺎ، ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻟﺮﺿﺎﻫﻢ Aku akan jadi apa yang aku suka kenapa aku perlu peduli tentang penerimaan mereka terhadapku? . ‪#‎Hayatilaaa‬.. bestt betul;l!!!! ‪#‎Copypaste‬ Like Comment Share

Speech and Communication revision Q&A for UNISELIAN Part 2

Multiple Choice: Choose only one answer and mark the corresponding letter on your scantron. Each question is worth 2 points.

1.   Another word for decoding is __________.

1. interpretation
2. speaking
3. creating
4. noise

2.   Imagine that you are listening to a speech about AIDS and HIV. One of the speaker’s main points describes ways to respond to the devastating news that you or someone in your family is HIV Negative. You are confused by this, because you know that HIV Negative means that someone isn’t infected with the virus that leads to AIDS. What is happening in this situation?

1. The speaker obviously plagiarized the speech, because he/she doesn’t know the correct terms.
2. The channel of the message is faulty, or else the correct term would be sent and received.
3. The speaker’s encoding and the listener’s decoding are interfering with communication.
4. External noise is keeping the message from being sent and received accurately.

3.   The terms feedback and context are introduced in which of the communication models?

1. communication as action
2. communication as interaction
3. communication as reaction
4. communication as transaction

4.   Which of the following is an example of intrapersonal communication?

1. talking to friend about biology class
2. telling your roommate about a personal problem
3. mentally rehearsing what you have to do that day

D.    ordering a pizza over the phone

5.   Which of the following is an attribute of interpersonal communication?

A.    Interpersonal communication is linear.

B.     Interpersonal communication is a monologue.

C.     Interpersonal communication involves responding to people’s roles.

D.    Interpersonal communication involves mutual influence.

6.   According to Maslow’s framework on the process of becoming self-aware, a person whose communication skills are effective and are second nature is working at which level?

A.    unconscious incompetence

B.     conscious incompetence

C.     conscious competence

D.    unconscious competence

7.   Danielle consistently describes herself as a confident, outgoing woman. Her description coincides with which of the following terms?

A.    self-concept

B.     self-image

C.     self-expectations

D.    self-fulfilling prophecy

8.    Jason spends hours every day working at the gym. He also takes great care in keeping his sports car well maintained and spotless. According to James’ theory of the self, Jason is taking care of his ____________________.

A.    material self

B.    social self

C.    spiritual self

D.    emotional self

9.   José was raised in a Cuban-American community. Although he had many college friends from other co-cultures, he proudly maintained his Cuban roots by sprinkling his speech with Spanish phrases. In addition, he enjoyed sharing examples of cultural norms from his family and neighborhood in his communication class. These examples show which kind of influence on José’s self-concept?

1. communication with others
2. association with groups

C.     roles we assume

4. self-fulfilling prophecy

10. The stage of perception in which we put information into patterns is called _____________.

1. attention
2. reframing
3. interpretation
4. organization

11. Which of the following statements is most accurate concerning stereotypes?

1. All stereotypes are negative.
2. We stereotype people because of our nature to simplify and categorize.
3. People who use stereotypes are usually doing so intentionally.
4. It is fairly easy to rid ourselves of harmful stereotypes.

12. When asked to describe himself, Bernard talks about his sports car, career, and home. Bernard’s response demonstrates which of the following?

1. other-oriented communication
2. ascription orientation
3. achievement orientation
4. ethnocentric communication

13. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis suggests which of the following?

1. Language and thought are exclusive of one another.
2. People regularly conceive of ideas for which they have no word.
3. Language is controlled by thought.
4. Language does not impact our worldview.

14. When Carol and Marcia talked about going home for spring break, Carol thought of home-cooked meals, free laundry, and time to spend with old friends. Marcia thought only of the bickering and fussing between her parents. Which of the following statements describes this situation?

1. Carol and Marcia are bypassing when they discuss where they are going to spend their vacations.
2. Carol and Marcia have different denotations for the word “home.”
3. Carol and Marcia have different connotations for the world “home.”
4. Carol and Marcia are polarizing the word “home.”

15. Tommy went to Taiwan for a vacation. Since he couldn’t read the restaurant menu, he asked the waiter to bring him a traditional Taiwanese meal. It was delicious. When he was done he asked the waiter what the meat was, because he hadn’t tasted anything like it before. The waiter told him it was dog meat. Tommy became sick to his stomach, and rushed to the bathroom. Tommy’s reaction reflects the power of words to ______________.

1. make and break relationships
2. affect and reflect culture
3. affect thoughts and actions
4. build barriers

16. When words reflect unqualified, often untrue generalizations that deny individual differences among people, they become the language barrier of ____________.

1. bypassing
2. polarization
3. allness
4. denotation

17. Jack announces at the fraternity meeting that there will be a dance next weekend, and everyone is invited to bring their girlfriend. This is an example of _________________.

1. sexist language
2. heterosexist language
3. homophobic language
4. generic language

18. According to Mehrabian’s research, the most significant source of emotional meaning in our communication is ______________.

A.    our voice

B.     our words

C.     our face

D.    our posture

19. According to Mehrabian, nonverbal communication conveys 93% of the _______________.

A.    meaning of our messages

B.     emotional meaning of our messages

C.     literal meaning of our messages

D.    subjective meaning of our messages

20. Estella wanted her grandmother to know how much she appreciated her grandmother’s monetary gift for her birthday. She have her a big hug, and said with enthusiasm, “Thanks Gram – I really can use this!” Estella’s voice and hug are examples of which function of nonverbal behavior?

A.    to repeat

B.     to complement

C.     to substitute

D.    to regulate

21. Displays of culture such as clothing, jewelry, and makeup are called __________________.

A.    artifacts

B.     gestures

C.     illustrators

D.    vocalics

22. After Aisha got off the phone her face looked like it had fallen two inches. She looked down, and walked to her room slowly. Maya said to her, “What happened?” In reading Aisha’s facial expressions, Maya was using Aisha’s ________________________.

A.    affect displays

B.     regulators

C.     adaptors

D.    emblems

23. Cultures in which the members evaluate “close” proximity as negative and bad, and “far” proximity as positive and good are ________________.

A.    high contact

B.     low contact

C.     developing nations

D.    industrialized nations

24.  Listening involves the following processes:

A.    awareness, rejecting, decoding, remembering, and reacting

B.     selecting, attending, understanding, remembering, and responding

C.     selecting, acknowledging, and comprehending

D.    attending, sorting, interpreting, filtering, and rehearsing

25.  Which of the following is a recommended strategy for dealing with emotional noise?

A.    Focus primarily on the speaker’s emotions.

B.     Avoid expressing your emotions.

C.     Use self-talk to manage your emotions.

D.    Immediately respond to the listener with the emotions you are feeling.

26.  As she was listening to Teri’s account of her family vacation, Serena was mentally making a list of the shopping she had to do that afternoon. Which of the following best describes the cause of Serena’s failure to listen?

A.    self-focus

B.     emotional noise

C.     criticism

D.    information overload

27.  Information processing rate can be a barrier to listening because ____________________.

A.    people are normally capable of processing information faster than most speakers speak.

B.     people are hardly ever capable of processing information as fast as most people speak.

C.     there is such a wide variety of processing abilities among people that no matter how fast or slow you speak, it will not be appropriate.

D.    recent research shows that there is little connection between speaker rate and listening effectiveness.

28. Poor listening often takes place because receivers make faulty assumptions about the nature of the information they are taking in: Sometimes we assume the information is too simplistic, other times we assume it is too complex.  Which of the following personality types have a problem tuning out information they assume is too complex?

A.    Strong uncertainty avoiders

B.     Weak uncertainty avoiders

C.     Ethnocentrists

D.    Machiavellians

29. Kip, an electrical engineer, was recently sent by his company to Saudi Arabia to work for his organization’s Middle Eastern affiliate.  Kip’s Saudi supervisor ordered Kip around, often used threats as a motivational tool, and became angry when Kip asked him questions.  Kip ended up quitting his job.  What cultural difference probably caused Kip to misinterpret his supervisor’s management style as rude and insulting?

A.    Individualism

B.     Power distance

C.     Collectivism

D.    Uncertainty avoidance

30. Being mindful requires that we are ______________________________________.

A.    consciously aware of cultural differences rather than ignoring the differences.

B.     think of what we will we say once the speaker is finished talking.

C.     consciously aware of our feedback.

D.    focused on preserving our relationship with other people.

31. The use of silence as a verbal ritual is frequently employed in which of the following?

A.    Masculine culture

B.     Feminine culture

C.     Low-context culture

D.    High-context culture

32. Beancake portrayed traditional 1933 Japanese culture as ________________________.

A.    high-context

B.     strong uncertainty avoidance

C.     large power distance

D.    All of the above

33. The Johari Window __________________________________________.

A.    stays relatively consistent for most people in most relationships.

B.     changes from relationship to relationship, but stays the same for the duration of that relationship.

C.     differs from person to person for each relationship, and changes during the stages of relationship.

D.    A and B are true, but not C.

34.  According to the textbook, the normative amount of emotional expression shown by individuals from the United States is ______________________________.

A.    more than most other cultures.

B.     less than most other cultures.

C.     about the same as most other cultures.

D.    falls in the middle of most other cultures.

35.  A common pattern in United States culture is for one person’s self-disclosure to be followed by a similar self-disclosure from the other person. This is the characteristic of self-disclosure known as _____________________________.

A.    reciprocity

B.     appropriateness

C.     assessment

D.    reflexivity

36. Altman and Taylor’s model of social penetration includes __________________________.

1. how people reduce uncertainty about each other in the early stages of a relationship.
2. how people make use of verbal and nonverbal communication to form impressions of the other
3. how much and what kind of information we reveal in various stages of a relationship
4. how men and women communicated differently in friendship relationships.

37. Eileen and Roberto study together for their communication class. They find themselves discussing a wide variety of topics, but have kept their personal disclosures minimal and the interaction superficial. This relationship would be characterized as having _______________.

A.    great depth but little depth.

B.     great breadth but little depth.

C.     neither much depth nor breadth.

D.    great depth and breadth.

38. A tendency to seek out individuals who represent the same level of physical attractiveness as oneself is __________________________.

A.    affection.

B.     inclusion.

C.     short-term attraction.

D.    matching hypothesis.

39.Which of the following theories studies the driving human motivation to increase predictability by marginalizing the unknown in one’s circumstances?

A.    Social penetration

B.     Uncertainty reduction

C.     Expectation violation

D.    Primary socialization

40. Nonverbal and verbal cues that indicate liking are referred to as _________________.

A.    immediacy.

B.     proximity cues.

C.     complementarity.

D.    inclusion cues.

True/False Questions

41. Frank Dance’s helical model of communication suggests that communication can be reversed. F

42. Because many nonverbal behaviors may occur at the same time, it is sometimes difficult to interpret nonverbal behavior accurately. T

43. According to the textbook, your self-image is how you view yourself in a particular situation. T

44. ”Vote for Bush or pay more taxes!” is an example of polarization. T

45. “Fag” would be considered a trigger word for many people. T

46. Generally speaking, gestures that are friendly in one culture will be friendly in another. F

47. Attending to a message means spending a considerable amount of time processing a particular message. F

48. Women are better at shifting attention between simultaneous messages than men. T

49. Asking appropriate questions is one of the methods given for listening with empathy. T

50. A worldview is the general cultural perspective that determines how the culture perceives various forces in explaining why events occur the way they do. T

Extra credit question:

51. Pejorative words used to cause explicit group devaluation are __________________.

1. ethnocentric
2. ethnophaulisms
3. ethnolinguistic
4. ethnic identities

Speech and Communication revision 2015

source:past year paper test April 2015





1.Name the three models of communication

 Linear Model of Communication.

 Interactional Model of Communication.

 Transactional Model of Communicatio

2. Provide 3 barriers to communication.

Bypassing

Indiscrimination

Polarization

3.List 3 skills involved in goal analysis procedure.

Skill 1:Setting Specific Goals

Skill 2:Setting Criteria for Success

Skill 3:Formulating a Specific Plan for Goal Accomplishment

Speech and Communication revision Q&A for UNISELIAN

;

1. One characteristic of human communication is that it is symbolic.  In this symbolic communication meanings are located in:

1. words
2. events
3. people*
4. objects

2. Symbols

1. Stand for something other than themselves.*
2. Represent ideas, but not people, things or events.
3. Mean exactly the same thing to various people.
4. Have nothing to do with verbal communication.

3. Which of the following is an example of intrapersonal communication?

1. a dyad sharing high levels of self-disclosure
2. any communication which is not face-to-face
3. your conscience*
4. watching a videotaped speech

4. Mass communication messages are:

1. more personal than other types of communication
2. more of a product than other types of communication*
3. where college students spend almost one half of their total communication time
4. all of the above

5. When we are searching for words to express an idea, we are involved in the process of:

1. assigning meaning
2. transmitting
3. decoding
4. encoding*

6. John is trying to listen to a speech but his headache interferes.  He’s experiencing:

1. external noise
2. physiological noise*
3. psychological noise
4. a distraction not classified as noise

7. According to your text, in most cases successful communication occurs when:

1. the speaker is satisfied
2. the listener is satisfied
3. everyone is satisfied*
4. one person has more sophisticated communication skills

8. A person’s self-concept is a set of:

1. constantly changing perception of others
2. stable perceptions of others
3. uniquely changing perceptions of ourselves
4. relatively stable perceptions of ourselves*

9. The image we develop of ourselves based on the way we think others view us is called:

1. the self-conscious self
2. the multidimensional self
3. perception checking
4. reflected appraisal*

10. Math is your weakest subject.  On the first day of college algebra you tell the student next to you, “I bet I’ll get a D in this course”.  At the end of the semester you get a D.  This result could be an example of:

1. self-denial
2. self-disclosure
3. self-fulfilling prophecy*
4. self-motivation

11. Several factors influence the selection of perceived stimuli.  Which of the following is not one of those factors:

1. correctness*
2. contrast
3. repetition
4. intensity

12. Attribution refers to:

1. judging the personal qualities of another
2. heredity
3. the reflected self concept
4. the process of attaching meaning to behavior*

13. People usually judge themselves:

1. more harshly than others
2. more positively than others*
3. more honestly than others
4. less often as they grow older

14. If you have left only the night before a test to study, and then explain it by saying you were just too busy, but when your friends do the same thing you label them “procrastinators”, you are exhibiting:

1. an attributional error
2. the effect of repeated stimuli
3. the self-serving bias*
4. empathy

15. Language:

1. is symbolic
2. is rule-governed
3. can shape and reflect attitudes
4. all of the above*

16. Language use can reflect the speaker’s willingness to take responsibility for his/her statements.  Which of the following categories of statements reflects the highest amount of speaker responsibility?

1. I statements*
2. you statements
3. they statements
4. it statements

17. Syntactic rules determine:

1. the meaning of a particular symbol
2. the pronunciation of a particular symbol
3. the hierarchy of meaning in symbols
4. the sequence of a set of symbols*

18. The teacher who reports that a student has difficulty with motor coordination instead of saying he or she is clumsy could be accused of using a:

1. equivocation
2. metaphor
3. euphemism*
4. behavioral description

19. A conclusion based on an interpretation of evidence is called a(an):

1. inference*
2. fact
3. opinion
4. connotation

20. A behavioral description describes behavior that is:

1. positive
2. negative
3. abstract
4. observable*

21. Which of the following represents the most abstract use of language?

1. Women are always causing problems.*
2. Sheila is constantly calling the office.
3. Sheila called the lawyer’s office four times.
4. Sheila was on the phone for 30 minutes.

22. Which statement below best describes the relationship between listening and hearing?

1. Listening and hearing always occur simultaneously.
2. You can listen and not hear.
3. You can hear and not listen.*
4. Listening and hearing are the same thing.

23. The process of hearing is__________; the process of listening is__________.

1. mental/physical
2. abstract/neutral
3. subconscious/interpretive
4. physiological/interpretive*

24. You are at a noisy wedding reception.  Suddenly you notice your name mentioned in the group of people near the refreshment table.  Which component of the listening process best describes what occurred in this situation?

1. attending*
2. hearing
3. understanding
4. remembering

25. What is the relationship between the rate that people speak and the speed at which people listen?

1. People can understand speech at rates much greater than people can speak.*
2. People can speak at rates much greater than they can understand speech.
3. People speak and listen at approximately the same rate.
4. No predictable relationship exists between speech rate and rate of understanding.

26. Which component of the listening process most makes it a transactional event?

1. hearing
2. attending
3. understanding
4. responding*

27. Nodding and smiling and pretending to listen is called:

1. selective listening
2. defensive listening
3. pseudolistening*
4. stage hogging

28. When you don’t pay attention to what someone says because you think that person is boring, you are:

1. being opportunistic
2. failing to separate the message from the speaker*
3. paraphrasing
4. pseudolisting

29. The study of the way people use space is called:

1. Proxemics*
2. paralanguage
3. pixation
4. kinesics

30. The reason you should consider nonverbal messages as clues rather than facts is:

1. You need to consider context in determining meaning
2. Communication is ambiguous
3. The history of a relationship can make a difference in interpretation
4. All of the above.*

31. Public distance is described in your text as:

1. 0 to 18 inches
2. 18 inches to 4 feet
3. 4 feet to 12 feet
4. 12 feet and beyond*

32. When politicians give the V sign (index and middle fingers raised to make a “V” for “victory”) after winning an election, they’re using the nonverbal function of:

1. repeating
2. substituting*
3. complementing
4. accenting

33. When you sit in a class seat several times in a row and then think of it as “my seat”, your are exhibiting:

1. a kinesic principle
2. intimate distance
3. emblematic behavior
4. territoriality*

34. Which of the following would be labeled as a manipulator?

1. staring at someone when you’re angry with them
2. winking at a friend
3. rubbing a sore neck*
4. standing up to leave a room

35. Silence:

1. has only one commonly accepted cultural meaning.
2. can be used to convey very different meanings, depending on the context.*
3. rarely holds communication value or is given meaning by anyone.
4. all of the these.

True/False Section. Mark “A” if the answer is True, and “B” if the answer is False.

Each question is worth 2 points.

36. Because communication is transactional, when communication failure occurs it is fairly simple to figure out which party is to blame. F

37. Communication helps satisfy most of our human needs. T

38. Meaning rest in people, not in words. T

39. Empathy and sympathy are essentially the same. F

40. Our culture is an example of a perceptual filter. T

41. High self-monitors tend to be socially skillful. T

42. Connotative definitions are less emotional than denotative ones. F

43. Low context cultures use very direct language. T

44. Language that seems straightforward to some people may seem rude and invasive to others. T

45. One valuable type of verbal feedback is the use of questions. T

46. Understanding often depends on the ability to organize the information we hear into recognizable form. T

47. Nonverbal gestures have precise meaning when compared to verbal communication. F

48. Vocal and verbal communication mean the same thing. F

49. Nonverbal behaviors often contribute more to the relational message than to the content message of any given communication. T

50. Illustrators substitute for verbal messages. F